difference - "never" + past perfect vs. "never" + past

Suppose that it is my first time visiting Italy, which is correct or what is the difference in saying:

I never visited Italy before

I had never visited Italy or I had never visited Italy until now

I mainly mean past perfect vs. past in this case.

Can I say:

I have never visited Italy

While I am currently in Italy?

If I visited Italy last year, can I say:

I never visited Italy until I visited there last year? (or last year)

If yes, what is the difference in saying:

I had never visited Italy until last year