passive voice - Being+past participle as a gerund

I've read that 'being+past participle' is used in participle.But I'm confused to have found the following sentences written in one of my grammar book(This book isn't available in internet) as gerunds.These sentences are:

1. He is afraid of being hated.


2. I remember being taken to Delhi as a small boy. 3.Being frightened wouldn't solve any problems.

My questions: 1. What's the meanings of above sentences?

2.In which condition this "being+p.p"construction is used as gerunds to make sentences?