The questions here are not about meaning.
They are about the usage of the verbs get and catch in the context of getting a cold.
My dictionary says that get can be used to mean 'to become infected with an illness; to suffer from a pain, etc.' and gives the example:
I got this cold off you.
My grammar confirms the dictionary and talks about get a cold in the chapter dedicated to the verb get. It also brings catch a cold to exemplify English collocations.
However, I was browsing the Internet and it seems that, at least for Americans, if we say I got a cold it is kind of uneducated. I caught a cold is what we should say.
1) Is this true? Is it better to say I caught a cold than I got a cold?
2) If it is the case, does this apply to British English as well?
Answer
"Catch cold" is the canonical form in the US and Commonwealth countries.
"Get cold" means something quite different, though the argument can easily be made that if you get cold you may well catch cold too.
Both expressions are idiomatic, since there're no transitive acts involved. In neither case is "cold" a noun in these constructions. It's a condition, the result of a process, thus (I think) an adverb.
In "catch a cold", cold is clearly a noun and "catch" again an idiomatic use of the verb. There's an implication that the cold is "going around" or "making the rounds", and the catching was sheer accident. It's sometimes cast the other way 'round for humorous purposes ("a cold caught me last week and hung on like grim death").
"Get a cold" isn't idiomatic since the noun "cold" in this context has been naturalised in English to mean a certain type of usually-minor-but-very-unpleasant-and-socially-offputting illness. "Get a cold" is just raw information ("I got/had/suffered from a cold last week"; "I think you're getting/coming down with a cold"). To assign responsibility, explicit [and nearly always only mock-serious] complaint is needed: "I think I got/have/caught your damned cold--thanks a lot!"
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