Friday, February 24, 2017

word usage - When are 'if' and 'when' interchangeable?


While translating some technical documentation, I came across this dilemma. Which is better in the below examples?



The value is true if electrical and mechanical damage are covered
The value is true when electrical and mechanical damage are covered




I've read some similar questions about the usage of the word 'if', but it felt like the answers posted there don't apply here.



Answer




When should be used while referring to something that one is certain will happen.



E.g: I will be able to see you in the evening when I get off work.


Meaning: The speaker is sure that she/he will get free from work in the evening.



If should be used while referring to something that might or might not happen.




E.g: I will be able to see you in the evening if I get off work


Meaning: The speaker is not sure that she/he will get free from work in the evening.


If is a possibility, when is a certainty.


In your example if you are not certain whether electrical and mechanical damage will be covered, then you can use 'If'.


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