Thursday, October 18, 2018

"on", "at", "in" as preposition of location



I have found the following usage of "on", "at" and "in" on the internet. Is there any other exception and/or rule for that?



Preposition of Place


Use in for




  • Enclosed place: in a room / in a building / in the garden / in a box / in a car / in a taxi / in a helicopter / in a boat / in a lift (elevator)

  • Water: in the water / in the sea / in a river

  • Line & Queue: in a row / in a line / in a queue

  • Countries: in France / in the US / in Iran

  • Cities: In Paris / in New York / in Tehran


Exceptions: in the newspaper / in the sky / in the bed / in the street (= in the middle of the street, standing on it. e.g. Watch out! There is a tire in the road)


Use at for



  • general Places: at the bus-stop / at the door / at the cinema / at the end of the street (for address. e.g. I live at 21st street)


  • Point: at the top (bottom) of the page / at the back (front) of the class / at the corner / at the door / at the entrance / at the front desk


Exceptions: at home / at work / at school / at university / at college / at the top / at the bottom / at the side / at reception


Use on for



  • Surfaces: on the ceiling / on the wall / on the 2nd floor / on the table / on the menu / on a bicycle / on a motorbike / on a horse / on an elephant

  • Small Islands: on Maui

  • Directions: on the left / on the right / straight on the main street


Exceptions: on a bus / on a train / on a plane / on a ship / on the radio / on television / on the way / on the internet / on Facebook / on my weblog / on the street (e.g. Ikea have a big new store on Oxford Street)



No Preposition



  • home / downstairs / downtown / inside / outside / upstairs / uptown


She went upstairs / He comes home / They both are outside




Answer



It's almost impossible to put all the usages of in/at/on in one place. Some dictionaries list dozens of definitions and usages, and, even then, I'm not sure they've touched on all of them.


The real tricky part can be the idiomatic usages – particularly for on. Consider:




  • He's on fire (maybe he needs to stop, drop, and roll – or it could mean he's made his last six shots from the floor of a basketball court).

  • She's on the phone (she's making a telephone call)

  • She's on hold (she's waiting for someone on the other end to resume the telephone call)

  • He's on the wagon (he's not drinking anymore)

  • She's on the radio, he's on television (this means you can listen to her on the radio, and watch him on television)

  • He was sleeping on the job (means he was napping at work; it can be used figuratively to mean he was not paying attention to something he should have been)

  • She's on deck (it could me she's on the deck of a ship, but it could also mean it's her turn next [borrowed from baseball])

  • She's on the money (she is exactly right)

  • She's in the money (she's either rich, or about to become rich)

  • He's on top of it (he is handling the situation – often implies he is handling it quite well)


  • She is on her way (she is in the process of coming here, right now)

  • This is on me (this is for you, but I'm paying for it)


This is not meant to be an exhaustive list; this is just meant to show you that, insofar as your list goes, you're only at the beginning. You've got a long way to go before this is fully in the bag.


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