quotations - British Punctuation versus American Punctuation

I've learned that American English use double quotation marks and place periods inside quotation marks while British English use single quotation marks and place periods outside quotation marks.

American: He called this phenomenon "the memory of water."

British: He called this phenomenon 'the memory of water'.

But some media adopt another style similar to the following sentence. Is this style British or American English?

He called this phenomenon "the memory of water".

Another question about American punctuation: Which of the following is correct in American English?

Did he call this phenomenon "the memory of water?"

Did he call this phenomenon "the memory of water"?