Wednesday, May 29, 2019

meaning - Understanding "still" and "yet" usage




A1. I still can't speak English.


A2. I can't speak English yet.


B1. *I yet can't speak English.


B2. *I can't speak English still.



As far as I know, A1 and A2 are acceptable English.


But, I wonder, why are "yet" and "still" not perfectly interchangeable?
Is this a matter of grammar, style, vocabulary or usage?



Answer




First and foremost, very few words in English are "perfectly" interchangeable.


NOAD says:



still (adv.) up to and including the present or the time mentioned


yet (adv.) up until the present or an unspecified or implied time



I hadn't thought much about this before, but using the word yet suggests a glimpse into the future:



I can't speak English yet – but I won't quit trying until I do.




while using the word still suggests a glimpse the past:



I still can't speak English – even though I've been trying for 10 years!



I'll try this again; the quotes here are in italics, what follows in [brackets] is what I might infer from the speaker's choice of words:



The bus hasn't come yet [but I expect it will come soon].


The bus still hasn't come [I've been waiting such a long time!]



I think you can even combine both words to express exasperation:




We've been potty training Dora for six months now, but she still hasn't got it yet!



That wording indicates it's been a long time, but there's still hope the desired result will happen eventually. Similarly, going back to your original examples, one could say:



I still can't speak English yet!





By the way, this answer hasn't even mentioned the use of these words to mean "even", as in:




We'll have even more snow tomorrow.
We'll have yet more snow tomorrow.
We'll have still more snow tomorrow.



That's another context entirely.


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