modifiers - Are these "for + nouns" adjectival prepositional phrases or adverbial prepositional ones?

Consider:

Some "for + nouns" are adjectival prepositional phrases; others are adverbial prepositional ones, but I am not sure which is which in these following examples:

1. 
   
   

   The pension plans involve very little risk for employers.

   
   


2. 
   

   A bank creates a reserve for loan losses.

   
   


3. 
   

   How do investors decide on the expected returns they require for individual investments?

   
   


4. 
   

   Regulators aim to ensure that financial institutions keep enough capital for the total risks they are taking.

   
   
   


5. 
   

   Policyholders can often redeem (surrender) whole life policies early or use the policies as collateral for loans.

   
   


6. 
   

   Many exchanges on which stocks, options, and futures trade use market makers. Typically an exchange will specify a maximum level for the size of a market maker’s bid-offer spread.

   
   


7. 
   

   The CME has introduced contracts for 10 different weather stations.

   
   



8. 
   

   The lesson from these losses is that it is important to define unambiguous risk limits for traders.

   
   


9. 
   

   For similarly rated bonds and structured products, the probability distribution of losses are markedly different.

   
   

All the examples are taken from Risk Management and Financial Institutions, 3rd Ed. written by John Hull.

I have no difficulty in understanding these sentences, but it’s not easy to tell whether these "for + nouns" are adjectival prepositional phrases or adverbial prepositional ones.

I would guess this problem could cause ambiguity in some cases.